Armin Cuyvers
Professor European Law
- Name
- Prof.dr.mr. A. Cuyvers
- Telephone
- +31 71 527 5409
- a.cuyvers@law.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0003-3641-7302
Armin Cuvyers is full Professor of European Law at the Europa Institute of Leiden University, where he holds the chair in EU Constitutional Law and Comparative Regional Integration. He is also Director of CompaRe, the Leiden Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence on Comparative Regional Integration and the Programme Director for all master's specialisations at the faculty. He previously was a visiting researcher at a.o. Berkeley, Stanford, Sydney University, Hastings Law School and Bilgi, as well as a visiting fellow at the European Political Strategy Centre (EPSC) the in-house think tank of the European Commission President. His research focusses on European constitutional law, sovereignty, Brexit, (con)federalism and monetary integration, often in a comparative perspective and in collaboration with social psychologists to integrate their empirical insights into EU law. He has published in several leading international journals, including the Common Market Law Review, the European Law Journal and the European Constitutional Law Review. Armin regularly provides legal advice to public and private parties on different fields of EU law and gives guest lectures in the Netherlands and abroad.
More information about Armin Cuyvers
News items
‘What is the EU? What should or can the EU become if you want to effectively address challenges like climate change, the digital revolution or tax evasion whilst respecting national sovereignty, democracy and human nature itself? And what can Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin-America learn from each other in designing regional systems that work, as regional collaboration becomes increasingly necessary to meet global challenges? These are the questions that drive me.’
Armin Cuyvers graduated cum laude from Leiden University in Civil Law (burgerlijk recht) and Legal Philosophy, where he also received his certificates, cum laude, in Public International Law and European Law. He was a visiting student at Harvard College and Harvard Law School and in 2005 received his Magister Juris degree from Oxford, Exeter College, with distinction. In 2013, Cuvyers received his PhD, jointly in European law and in Legal Philosophy with his thesis: ‘The EU as a Confederal Union of Sovereign Member Peoples’. This thesis, in a comparative perspective with the US, explores a confederal structure for the EU. As of 2011, Cuyvers was respectively an Assistant Professor and Associate Professor of EU Law at Leiden Law School.
In his research on EU constitutional law and theory, Cuyvers combines traditional legal-constitutional methods with two innovative approaches. Firstly, he compares the EU with other regional organisations in the world such as ASEAN, MERCOSUR, CARICOM and the EAC. Contrary to the standard approach, he thereby also looks at what the EU can learn from other organisations, instead of assuming the EU is the gold standard. Secondly, he collaborates with social psychologists to integrate empirical insights into EU constitutional law. For the EU as well, feelings are facts. European integration must therefore adapt to human nature, as the opposite will not happen. So how can states and peoples collaborate effectively without sacrificing their own identity and democracy? In addition to his constitutional experience, Cuyvers also holds special expertise in the free movement of complex services, especially games of chance.
In Leiden, Cuyvers lectures on EU law and regional integration at bachelor's, master's and advanced master's level. In addition, he regularly acts as a guest lecturer in the Netherlands and abroad, also providing professional courses for lawyers, judges and public officials. In 2013, Cuyvers won the faculty teaching award for best lecturer, and became one of the founding members of the Leiden Teachers Academy. As such, he is actively involved in teaching innovation at faculty and university level.
Courses taught:
Dutch:
- Introduction to European law (Inleiding Europees recht)
- European law (Europees recht)
- Honours course ‘Brexit means Brexit’
- Leiden Law Practices
- Bachelor's theses
English:
- Institutional Law and General Principles of EU law (LLM)
- Foundations of EU law (IEBL, Advanced LLM)
- Master's honours course ‘Smart regional integration? Comparative lessons for a lean and legitimate EU’
- Master's theses
Professor European Law
- Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid
- Instituut voor Publiekrecht
- Europees Recht
- Cuyvers A. (2024), Comparing regional law. In: Siems M. & Yap P.J. (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of comparative law. Cambridge Law Handbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 649-673.
- Cuyvers A., Grosfeld E. & Scheepers D.T. (2024), Complementing IQ with EQ: connecting EU law to social psychology. In: Deplano R., Gentile G., Lonardo L. & Nowak T. (Eds.), Interdisciplinary research methods in EU law. Handbooks of Research Methods in Law series. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. 133-153.
- Grosfeld E., Scheepers D.T. & Cuyvers A. (2024), Mapping the moral foundations of the European Union: why a lack of moral diversity may undermine perceived EU legitimacy, PNAS Nexus 3(8): 1-11 (pgae282).
- Grosfeld E., Cuyvers A. & Scheepers D.T. (2023), Towards evidence-based legitimacy interventions in EU law: challenges and directions for empirical research, Utrecht Law Review 19(2): 87-104.
- Cuyvers A. & Ottervanger T.R. (2023), The unsung feet of steel: of internal markets, regional integration and (un)fair trade. In: Baetens F. & Van den Bogaert S. (Eds.), The EU and the WTO: ever the twain shall meet. Liber Amicorum Marco Bronckers. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. chapter 11.
- Cuyvers A. (2022), The legal space for structural differentiation in the EU: reciprocity, interconnectedness and effectiveness as sources of constitutional rigidity, European Papers 7(3): 1165-1190.
- Cuyvers A. & Ouma P. (2022), The European Union as a model for African regionalism: decolonizing regional integration in Africa?, African Journal of International Economic Law 3: 159-184.
- Grosfeld E., Scheepers D.T. & Cuyvers A. (2022), Value alignment and public perceived legitimacy of the European Union and the Court of Justice, Frontiers in Psychology 12: 785892.
- Grosfeld E., Scheepers D.T., Cuyvers A. & Ellemers N. (2022), The integration of subgroups at the supranational level: the relation between social identity, national threat, and perceived legitimacy of the EU, Journal of Social and Political Psychology 10(2): 607-623.
- Cuyvers A. (9 December 2022), Naar een symbiotisch constitutioneel recht voor de EU: de conceptuele, emotionele en juridische ruimte voor legitieme regionale samenwerking (Inaugural address. Institute of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Leiden University). Leiden: Universiteit Leiden.
- Cuyvers A., Piqani D., Behre F. & Reijgwart C. (2022), The boundaries of the Commission’s discretionary powers when handling petitions and potential infringements of EU law: from legal limits to political collaboration in enforcement?. Brussels: European Parliament.
- Boogaard G. & Cuyvers A. (13 March 2021), Red de vrijwillige brandweer. Trouw.
- Cuyvers A. & Dam J.C.A. van (2021), Where soft law meets CILFIT: is a court ever obligated to refer questions on soft law?. In: Verboeket J.W., Brink J.E. van den, Drahmann A., Jacobs M.J. & Ortlep R. (Eds.), Bestuursrecht in het echt. Vriendenbundel voor prof. mr. drs. Willemien den Ouden. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. 298-318.
- Cuyvers A. & Boogaard G. (2021), De professionele vrijwilliger in het Huis van Thorbecke: waarom de vrijwillige brandweer niet op de schop hoeft van het EU-recht, Nederlands Juristenblad 96(26): 2115-2122 (NJB 2021/1883).
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2021), Het dienstenverkeer tussen de EU en het Verenigd Koninkrijk na Brexit, Bedrijfsjuridische Berichten 2021(8): 149-153 (Bb 2021/34).
- Cuyvers A. (2021), What Chimpanzees Can Teach the EU: Or Why the EU Should Embrace Sovereignty as Part of Human Nature, European Papers 6(3): 1229-1254.
- Cuyvers A. (2020), Brexit and the Real Democratic Deficit: Refitting National and EU Democracy for a Global Reality. In: Ellian E. & Blommestijn R. (Eds.), Reflections on democracy in the European Union. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. 105-126.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2019), Brexit Blues: They still haven’t found what they’re looking for …, Nederlands Juristenblad 94(19): 1388-1397 (NJB 2019/1065).
- Cuyvers A. (2019), Brexit en het gevaar van EU-onvermijdelijkheid, Christen Democratische Verkenningen 39(2 - zomer 2019: Divers Europa): 59-64.
- Cuyvers A. (29 March 2019), Protecting the EU from a Kill Switch: Why EU Law Does Not Require EP Elections in the UK. Verfassungsblog: on matters constitutional. Berlin. [blog entry].
- Cuyvers A. (2019), Wightman, Brexit, and the sovereign right to remain, Common Market Law Review 56(5): 1303-1332.
- Cuyvers A. (2019), Balancing sovereignty, trade and Northern-Irish peace: free movement of goods post-Brexit. In: Kainer F. & Repasi R. (Eds.), Trade relations after Brexit. Oxford: Hart Publishing / NOMOS. 181-212.
- Cuyvers A. (2019), Wightman en het soevereine recht om lid van de EU te blijven, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Europees Recht 2019(7/8): 181-187.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G., Cuyvers A. & Antonaki I. (2018), Free movement of services, establishment and capital. In: Kuijper P.J., Amtenbrink F., Curtin D., Witte B. de, McDonnell A. & Bogaert S.C.G. van den (Eds.), The Law of the European Union. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. 539-586.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (20 March 2018), On the eve of Brexit phase 2: the cliff has been moved but still looms large…. Regulation for Globalization: Trade, Labor and EU Law Perspectives. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. [blog entry].
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2018), Brexit & de EU: ‘You can’t always get what you want…’, Rechtsgeleerd Magazijn Themis 2018(6): 221-239.
- Cuyvers A. & Sasse Van Ysselt P.B.C.D.F. van (2018), De Europese kreukelzone van de wetgever - Goede wetgeving vanuit het EU- en EVRM-perspectief, RegelMaat: Kwartaalblad voor Wetgevingsvraagstukken 33(5): 292-322.
- Cuyvers A. (29 October 2018), Solving the autonomy conundrum: Can the UK avoid a hard border in Northern Ireland without subjecting itself to EU judges?. European Futures: Edinburgh University. [blog entry].
- Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T.R. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.) (2017), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), The Road to European Integration. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff. 22-42.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), The Institutional Framework of the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 79-102.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), The Legal Framework of the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 119-138.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), The Scope, Nature and Effect of EU Law. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 161-181.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), External Relations and the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 196-201.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), General Principles of EU Law. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 217-228.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Judicial Protection under EU Law: Direct Actions. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 254-264.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Preliminary References under EU Law. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 275-284.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), The EU Common Market. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 293-302.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Free Movement of Goods in the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 326-344.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Free Movement of Persons in the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 354-364.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Freedom of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services in the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 376-391.
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Free Movement of Capital and Economic and Monetary Union in the EU. In: Ugirashebuja E., Ruhangisa J.E., Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (Eds.), East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden Boston: Brill Nijhoff. 410-432.
- Cuyvers A. (10 April 2017), Five Scenarios for Europe – Understanding the EU Commission’s White Paper on the Future of Europe. Verfassungsblog. Berlin: Centre for Global Constitutionalism WZB / Recht im Kontext. [blog entry].
- Cuyvers A. (24 November 2017), Two Legal Tools to Avoid Hard Brexit: Delayed Exit and Decreasing Membership under Article 50 TEU. UKLA blog. London: UK Constitutional Law Association. [blog entry].
- Cuyvers A. (2017), Recapturing popular sovereigns after Brexit: towards a compound parliamentary construct. . 2017 EUSA Fifteenth Biennial Conference, Miami.
- Cuyvers A. (14 December 2017), The legal catch-22 of a CETA-Brexit: either too little or too much to avoid a pretty hard Brexit. Regulating for Globalization: Trade, Labor and EU law Perspectives. Amsterdam: Wolters Kluwer. [blog entry].
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2016), Brexit: Over & out?, Nederlands Juristenblad 91(36): 2666-2677 (NJB 2016/1824).
- Cuyvers A. (2016), Artikel 50 VEU en Brexit: de juridische contouren voor een politiek drama, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Europees Recht 2016(7): 221-229.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2016), Of Carrots and Sticks: What Direction to Take for Economic and Monetary Union?. In: Steunenberg B., Voermans W.J.M. & Bogaert S.C.G. van den (Eds.), Fit for the Future? Reflections from Leiden on the Functioning of the EU. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. 125-145.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2016), ”Let it Be”? The Regulation and Allocation of Gambling Licenses at the EU and Member State Level. In: Adriaanse P.C., Ommeren F.J. van, Ouden W. den & Wolswinkel C.J. (Eds.), Scarcity and the State. Volume I. The Allocation of Limited Rights by the Administration. Ius commune europaeum no. 148. Antwerpen: Intersentia. 299-322.
- Cuyvers A. & Dunne A. (2016), COMESA: concentratiecontrole in Oost en Zuid-Afrika, Tijdschrift Mededingingsrecht in de Praktijk 16(5-6): 77-78 (MP 2016/229).
- Amtenbrink F., Blokker N.M., Van den Bogaert S.C.G., Cuyvers A., Heine K., Hillion C.A.P., Kantorowicz J., Lenk H. & Repasi R. (2015), The European Union's Role in International Economic Fora Paper 1: The G20. Directorate-General for Internal Policies. Brussels: Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy.
- Amtenbrink Fabian, Blokker Niels, Bogaert Stefaan van der, Cuyvers Armin, Heine Klaus, Hillion Christophe, Kantorowicz Jaroslaw, Lenk Hannes & Repasi René (2015), The European Union's Role in the G20: European Parliament.
- Cuyvers A. (2015), VN-sancties voor Europese hoven: een casestudy voor onze ‘plurale’ constitutionele orde?’, Tijdschrift voor Constitutioneel Recht 3(3): 8-44.
- Cuyvers A. (2014), '“Give me one good reason”: The unified standard of review for sanctions after Kadi II', Common Market Law Review 51(6): 1759–1788.
- Cuyvers A., Scholten A. & Klostermann C. (2014), Tussen handhaving en advisering: Een rechtsvergelijkend overzicht van nationale budgettoezichthouders’.
- Cuyvers A.. EHRC 2014(4) (72).
- Cuyvers A. (2014), ‘Wiens soevereiniteit pakt de EU dan af?’, Ars Aequi 2014(9): 676-681.
- Cuyvers A. (2013), The confederal come-back: Rediscovering the confederal form for a transnational world, European Law Journal 19(6): 711-738.
- Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (2013), The functioning of the East African Community: Common market, Court of Justice and fundamental rights, a comparative perspective with the European Union. Leiden: Leiden Centre for Legal and Comparative Studies of the East African Community (LEAC).
- Ottervanger T. & Cuyvers A. (2013), The functioning of the East African Community: Common market, Court of Justice and fundamental rights, a comparative perspective with the European Union. Leiden: Leiden Centre for Legal and Comparative Studies of the East African Community (LEAC).
- Cuyvers A. (19 December 2013), The EU as a Confederal Union of Sovereign Member Peoples: Exploring the potential of American (con)federalism and popular sovereignty for a constitutional theory of the EU (Dissertatie, Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid, Leiden University) Meijers-reeks no. 227. Supervisor(s): Hillion C.A.P. & Kinneging A.A.M.
- Borger V. & Cuyvers A. (2012), Het Verdrag inzake Stabiliteit, Coördinatie en Bestuur in de Economische en Monetaire Unie: de juridische en constitutionele complicaties van de eurocrisis, SEW: Tijdschrift voor Europees en economisch recht 60(10): 370-390.
- Eckert S., Biersteker T., Herik L.J. van den & Cuyvers A. (2012), Due Process and Targeted Sanctions :Update of the "Watson Report". Brown University: Watson Institute.
- Borger V., Brinkhorst L.J., Cuyvers A., Eijsbouts W.T., Smits R. & Van den Bogaert S.C.G. (12 July 2012), Wijziging van het ESM-verdrag is onnodig. Het Financieele Dagblad: 7-7.
- Cuyvers A. (2011), The Kadi II judgment of the General Court: the ECJ's predicament and the consequences for Member States, European Constitutional Law Review 7: 481-510.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G., Cuyvers A., Gardiner S., Parrish R., Miettinen S., Soek J. & Siekmann R. (2011), Study on the equal treatment of non-nationals in individual sports competitions no. EAC/19/2009. Brussels: European Commission.
- Cuyvers A. (2011), Een soeverein hof bewaakt de soevereine staat om het soevereine volk te behoeden voor een soeverein Europa: Het Lisbon Urteil als these en antithese voor de verhouding van Nederland tot de EU. In: Rijn van Alkemade J.M.J. & Uzman J. (Eds.), Soevereiniteit of pluralisme? Nederland en Europa na het Lissabon-Urteil. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers. 49-93.
- Van den Bogaert S.C.G. & Cuyvers A. (2011), “Money for nothing”: The case law of the EU Court of Justice on the regulation of gambling, Common Market Law Review 48(4): 1175-1213.
- Cuyvers A. (2010), Een soeverein hof bewaakt de soevereine staat om het soevereine volk te behoeden voor een soeverein Europa: Het Lissabon Urteil als these en antithese voor de verhouding van Nederland tot de EU.
- Cuyvers A., annotation: Gerecht EU 30 September 2010. EHRC: 1579-1604 (134).
- Cuyvers A. (2010), Verboden voor Iraniërs! Over de uitsluiting van Iraanse studenten van gevaarlijke studies en de verhouding tussen fundamentele rechten, de EU en de VN, Ars Aequi 59(11): 771-780.
- Cuyvers A. (2009), De botsing van interne en externe soevereiniteit: Europa als ken-instrument van soevereiniteit in historisch perspectief. In: Molier G. & Slootweg T.J.M. (Eds.), Soevereiniteit en Recht. Rechtsfilosofische beschouwingen. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. 87-130.
- Cuyvers A. (2009), Tussen Scyllii en Charybdii: terrorisme, rechtsbescherming en de verhouding tussen rechtsordes in Kadi, Ars Aequi 58(3): 155-166.
- Cuyvers A., annotation: European Court of Justice 18 January 2007. CMLRev 45: 1487-1505.
- Cuyvers A., annotation: European Court of Justice 6 March 2007. CMLRev 45: 515-536.
- Cuyvers A. (2007), The Aristocratic Surplus. In: Kinneging A.A.M. (Ed.), Rethinking Europe's Constitution. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers. 117-159.
- Bulterman M.K., Cuyvers A., Slot P.J., Voermans W.J.M., Blockmans S.F., Romein S.H., Park M., Josaputra S.A.L., Platell B. & Harst M. van der (2007), Nationale koppen op EG-regelgeving. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden.
- Slot P.J. & Cuyvers A. (2007), De Europese grondwet: stilte na de storm?, Leidraad : 10-15.
- Slot P.J., Park M. & Cuyvers A. (2007), Diensten van algemeen (economisch) belang nader beschouwd, Markt & Mededinging 2007(4): 101-112.
- Cuyvers A. (2006), Analyse Comparative de la Distribution d'énergie en Europe: Rapport General. Leiden: Institut de droit Européen de Leiden (Pays-Bas).
- Cuyvers A. & Slot P.J. (2006), The Process and Instruments of European Economic Integration. Leiden: Europa Instituut Leiden.
- Cuyvers A. (2006), Analyse Comparative de la Distribution d'énergie en Europe: Pays-Bas et Royaume-Uni. Leiden: Institut de Droit Européen de Leiden (Pays-Bas).
- Cuyvers A. & Slot P.J. (2006), Is no an answer?, Elsa Magazine 7(1): 30-32.
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