Edwin Bakker
Professor Terrorism and Contraterrorism
- Name
- Prof.dr. E. Bakker
- Telephone
- +31 70 800 9506
- e.bakker@fgga.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0002-1200-9489
Edwin Bakker is professor in Terrorism and Counterterrorism at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs in The Hague. His fields of research are radicalisation, jihadi terrorism and in particular profiles of (jihadi) terrorists. In addition, his research is focussed on dealing with (fear of) terrorism and the policy implications in this field.
More information about Edwin Bakker
News
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The number of threats is increasing. But is the Netherlands less safe? -
Over 3 million euros in funding for Surveillance & Protection research project -
Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb: the comprehensive scope was missing -
Farewell Paul Abels as Professor -
Kamaran Palani: ‘Completing my PhD at Leiden University is a dream of me and my deceased father’ -
Policies on returning foreign fighters -
Interview with Edwin Bakker about the Summer Programme Preventing Violent Extremism -
Learn about contemporary approaches to risk -
‘International isolation is not an option’ -
MOOC Terrorism and Counterterrorism launches updated version after three successful years
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Security needs cooperation -
Who sets the security agenda? -
From military intervention to long term counter-terrorism policy -
‘Dear Minister: We need to change the way we teach and organize it’ -
More than 100,000 participants in the MOOC Terrorism and Counterterrorism
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European Female Jihadists in Syria: Exploring an Under-Researched Topic
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Foreign Fighters on Social Media: An analysis of 11 Facebook accounts
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The Future of Open Education
Research output
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Dreigingsmonitor bewaken en beveiligen 2022-2023
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Rallying Around Empty Signifiers: Understanding and Defining Anti-Government Protest in the Netherlands -
Twenty years of countering jihadism in Western Europe: from the shock of 9/11 to ‘jihadism fatigue’ -
Terrorism and Counterterrorism Studies -
Policies on returning foreign fighters
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Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data‐Driven Analysis -
Destination Syria: An Exploratory Study into the Daily Lives of Dutch 'Syria Travellers' -
Reintegrating jihadist extremists: evaluating a Dutch initiative
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De leefwereld en denkbeelden van Nederlandse & Belgische syriegangers: een analyse van elf facebook-accounts -
Who Are They and Why Do They Go? The Radicalization and Preparatory Processes of Dutch Jihadist Foreign Fighters
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The Muslim Brotherhood in Europe
PhD candidates
Leiden Safety and Security Blog
Google Scholar
Edwin Bakker is professor in Terrorism and Counterterrorism at Leiden University - Institute of Security and Global Affairs in The Hague. His research topics are threats against the democratic rule of law in general and the threat of radicalisation and jihadist terrorism in particular. In addition, his research focuses on threats to the democratic legal order by terrorists and other non-state actors. Currently, the his main research project is one for the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrrorism that involves research and training to improve the system of protection and surveillance against threats to persons, objects and services. The multidisciplinary research focuses, amongst others, on new threats, the implementation and impact of protection and surveillance measures, and new threat assessment methods.
Edwin Bakker teaches courses in the Institute of Security and Global Affairs' programmes and is a guest lecturer at, among others, the Police Academy, the Centre for Professional Learning and SSR Study Centre for the Administration of Justice. Together with Jeanine de Roy van Zuijdewijn, he runs a Massive Open Online Course on terrorism and counterterrorism in which tens of thousands of students worldwide have already participated. He is also an editorial board member of several professional journals and scientific magazines in the field of security and a member of several advisory committees and expert networks in the field of security policy.
Next to his position as Professor at Leiden University Edwin Bakker is head of sector Knowledge & Research at the Dutch Police Academy. There he is, among other things, responsible for the connection and operation of research within the Dutch National Police and with relevant partners of the police.
Contact
Professor Terrorism and Contraterrorism
- Faculty Governance and Global Affairs
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs
- Schuwer H.J.J., Broeks J., Graaf B. de, Groot J. de, Haaf T. ten, Lanschot N. van, Marhold A.A., Osinga F., Sibgatullina G., Teer J., Zandee D., Zoest A. van, Bakker E., Boekestijn A.J., Casteleijn L.F.F., Demmers J., Feith P.C., Starink D. & Jagt H. van der (2024), Hybride Dreigingen en Maatschappelijke Weerbaarheid. Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken-advies no. 126. Den Haag: Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J.H. de & Bakker E. (2024), Twenty years of countering jihadism in Western Europe: from the shock of 9/11 to ‘jihadism fatigue’. In: Shaffer R. & Kaplan J. (Eds.), The legacy of 9/11: transformations of policing, intelligence, and counter-terrorism. Oxon: Routledge. 421-434.
- Paepe J. de, Matthys J. & Bakker E. (2024), Politiestudies in Nederland: een terugblik, de actuele stand van zaken en toekomstperspectief. In: Muller E.R., Kop N. & Torre E.J. van der (Eds.), Handboek politie: organisatie en functioneren van de politie in Nederland. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. 561-578.
- Buuren G.M. van, Land S.W. van 't, Bakker E., Hofkamp R. & Schuurman B.W. (2024), Dreigingsmonitor bewaken en beveiligen 2022-2023. Den Haag: Universiteit Leiden.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J.H. de & Bakker E. (2023), Twenty years of countering jihadism in Western Europe: from the shock of 9/11 to ‘jihadism fatigue’, Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 18(4): 421-434.
- Frens I.J., Buuren G.M. van & Bakker E. (2023), Rallying around empty signifiers: understanding and defining anti-government protest in the Netherlands, Perspectives on Terrorism 2(XVII): 60-73 (3).
- Hofkamp R., Marijnissen D., Roy van Zuijdewijn J.H. de, Schlicher L.P.J., Land S.W. van 't, Spithoven R., Halderen R.C. van, Tjoelker R. & Bakker E. (2023), Verdieping bewaken en beveiligen, editie juli 2023 (2/2023). Den Haag: Leiden Universiteit (Institute of Security and Global Affairs). [other].
- Paepe J. de, Matthys M. & Bakker E. (5 October 2023), Perceptions and Reflections on contemporary policing studies in the Netherlands. Perceptions and Reflections on contemporary policing studies in the Netherlands (Institute of Security and Global Affairs). [blog entry].
- Rhôn R.R., Abeelen M. van, Masoliver C.E., Land S.W. van 't, Bakker E., Buuren G.M. van & Hofkamp R. (2023), Verdieping bewaken en beveiligen, editie oktober 2023 (3/2023). Den Haag: Universiteit Leiden (Institute of Security and Global Affairs). [other].
- Land S.W. van 't & Bakker E. (2023), Narcoterrorisme in Nederland?: Toepasselijkheid en meerwaarde van de term, Ars Aequi : 947-954 (AA20230947).
- De Paepe J., Matthys J. & Bakker E. (2023), Politiestudies in Nederland: een terugblik, de actuele stand van zaken en toekomstperspectief, Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid 22(2): 1-17 (1).
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2022), Terrorism and counterterrorism studies: comparing theory and practice. Leiden: Leiden University Press.
- Paepe J. de, Matthys J. & Bakker E. (2022), Politiestudies in Nederland: een terugblik, de actuele stand van zaken en toekomstperspectief. Wetenschap en politie: een natuurlijke verbinding 3 November 2022 - 3 November 2022.
- Schuurman B.W., Buuren G.M. van & Bakker E. (2021), Dreigingsontwikkelingen relevant voor het stelsel bewaken en beveiligen: een blik op verleden en mogelijke toekomst. Journal of Security and Global Affairs. Den Haag: Universiteit Leiden.
- Palani K., Khidir J., Dechesne M. & Bakker E. (2020), De facto states engagement with parent states: Kurdistan’s engagement with the Iraqi Government, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies : 1-19.
- Wittendorp S., Bakker E., De Roy van Zuijdewijn J. & Koebrugge A. (2020), Strijd op meerdere fronten. De aanpak van jihadisme en buitenlandse strijders: tien jaar CT-beleid in Nederland, België, Denemarken, Duitsland, Frankrijk, het VK en de VS (2010-2019). Journal of Security and Global Affairs.
- Cleiren C.P.M., Bakker E., Gerards J.H., Schermer B.W., Dekker R.A.G., Jansen M.M., Kops N. & Groen M.A. in 't (2020), Regulering van online content: naar een herijking van het Nederlandse internetbeleid. Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken-advies no. 113. Den Haag: Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken.
- Liem M. & Bakker E. (2019), De toegevoegde waarde van criminologie in terrorismeonderzoek, Tijdschrift voor Criminologie 61(1): 91-102.
- Bakker E., Sciarone J. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2019), Terugkeerders uit jihadistische strijdgebieden. Een vergelijking tussen Nederland, België, Denemarken, Duitsland, Frankrijk, het VK en de VS: Leiden University.
- Palani K., Khidir J., Dechesne M. & Bakker E. (2019), The development of Kurdistan’s de facto statehood: Kurdistan’s September 2017 referendum for independence, Third World Quarterly : .
- Palani K., Khidir J., Dechesne M. & Bakker E. (2019), Strategies to Gain International Recognition: Iraqi Kurdistan's September 2017 Referendum for Independence, Ethnopolitics : .
- Schuurman B.W., Bakker E. & Eijkman Q.A.M. (2018), Structural influences on involvement in European homegrown jihadism: a case study, Terrorism and Political Violence 30(1): 97-115.
- Schuurman B.W., Bakker E., Gill P. & Bouhana N. (2018), Lone actor terrorist attack planning and preparation: a data-driven analysis, Journal of Forensic Sciences 63(4): 1191-1200.
- Wittendorp S. & Bakker E. (2018), Inventarisatie rechtszaken tegen jihadistische buitenlandse strijders. Een vergelijking tussen Nederland, België, Denemarken, Duitsland, Frankrijk, het VK en de VS. Journal of Security and Global Affairs: Institute for security and Global Affairs Campus Den Haag.
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2018), Are returning foreign fighters future terrorists?. In: Jackson R. & Pisoiu D. (Eds.), Contemporary Debates on Terrorism. New York: Routledge. 131-146.
- Muller E.R., Bakker E., Rosenthal U. & Wijk R. de (Eds.) (2017), Terrorisme: terrorisme en terrorismebestrijding [tweede druk]. Handboeken Veiligheid. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer.
- Muller E.R. & Bakker E. (2017), De geschiedenis van terrorisme in Nederland. In: Bakker E., Muller E.R., Rosenthal U. & Wijk R. de (Eds.), Terrorisme: studies over terrorisme en terrorismebestrijding: Wolters Kluwer. 277-300.
- Muller E.R. & Bakker E. (2017), Terrorisme en terrorismebestrijding in perspectief. In: Bakker E., Muller E.R., Rosenthal U. & Wijk R. de (Eds.), Terrorisme: studies over terrorisme en terrorismebestrijding: Wolters Kluwer. 669-678.
- Wittendorp S., Bont R. de, Roy van Zuijdewijn J.H. de & Bakker E. (2017), Beleidsdomein aanpak jihadisme: een vergelijking tussen Nederland, België, Denemarken, Duitsland, Frankrijk, het VK en de VS. Journal of Security and Global Affairs: Universiteit Leiden.
- Wittendorp S., Bont R. de, Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2017), Persoonsgerichte aanpak Syrië/Irak-gangers: Een vergelijking tussen Nederland, België, Denemarken, Duitsland, Frankrijk, het VK en de VS. Journal of Security and Global Affairs: Universiteit Leiden.
- Liem M.C.A., Buuren G.M. van, Roy van Zuijdewijn J.H. de, Schönberger H.J.M. & Bakker E. (2017), European Lone Actor Terrorists Versus “Common” Homicide Offenders: An Empirical Analysis, Homicide Studies 22(1): 45-69.
- Wittendorp S., Bont R. de, Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2017), Measures against Jihadist Foreign Fighters: A policy comparison between the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, the UK and the US (2010 to 2017). Journal of Security and Global Affairs: Universiteit Leiden.
- Wittendorp S., Bont R. de, Roy van Zuijdewijn J.H. de & Bakker E. (2017), Dealing with Jihadism: A policy comparison between the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, the UK and the US (2010 to 2017). Journal of Security and Global Affairs: Universiteit Leiden.
- Weggemans D., Peters R., Bakker E. & Bont R. de (2016), Bestemming Syrië: een exploratieve studie naar de leefsituatie van Nederlandse ‘uitreizigers’ in Syrië: Universiteit Leiden & Universiteit van Amsterdam.
- Weggemans D., Peters R., Bakker E. & Bont R. de (2016), Destination Syria: An Exploratory Study into the Daily Lives of Dutch 'Syria Travellers'. Journal of Security and Global Affairs. The Hague: ISGA.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E. (2016), Analysing Personal Characteristics of Lone-Actor Terrorists: Research Findings and Recommendations, Perspectives on Terrorism 10(2): 42-49.
- Bakker E. & Bont R. de (2016), Belgian and Dutch Jihadist Foreign Fighters (2012–2015): Characteristics, Motivations, and Roles in the War in Syria and Iraq, Small Wars and Insurgencies 27(5): 837-857.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E. (2016), Terrorisme. Elementaire Deeltjes.
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2016), Jihadisme centraal in tien jaar Dreigingsbeeld Terrorisme Nederland, Magazine Nationale Veiligheid en Crisisbeheersing 14(1): 4-8.
- Ellis C., Pantucci R., Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de, Bakker E., Smith M., Gomis B. & Palombi S. (2016), Analysing the Processes of Lone-Actor Terrorism: Research Findings, 10(2): 33-41.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E. (2016), Lone-Actor Terrorism: Policy Paper 1: Personal Characteristics of Lone-Actor Terrorists, Countering Lone-Actor Terrorism Series (5): 1-12.
- Ellis C., Pantucci R., Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de, Bakker E., Gomis B., Palombi S. & Smith M. (2016), Lone-Actor Terrorism: Analysis Paper, Countering Lone-Actor Terrorism Series (4): 1-24.
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2016), Lone-Actor Terrorism. Toolkit Paper 1: Practical Guidance for Mental Health Practitioners and Social Workers, Countering Lone-Actor Terrorism Series (9): .
- Bont R. de, Weggemans D.J. & Bakker E. (11 April 2016), Daily Life in Syria. Leiden Safety and Security Blog. Den Haag: ISGA. [blog entry].
- Buuren G.M. van & Bakker E. (2016), 'The role of the EU in dealing with the multi-faceted phenomenon of radicalization and terrorism'. In: Steunenburg B., Voermans W. & Bogaert S. van den (Eds.), Fit for the future?: reflections from Leiden on the functioning of the EU. Den Haag: Eleven International Publishing. 291-310.
- Schuurman B.W. & Bakker E. (2015), Reintegrating jihadist extremists: evaluating a Dutch initiative, 2013–2014, Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression 8(1): 66-85.
- Schuurman B.W., Eijkman Q.A.M. & Bakker E. (2015), The Hofstadgroup revisited: questioning its status as a “quintessential” homegrown Jihadist network, Terrorism and Political Violence 27(5): 906-925.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E., Policies on foreign fighters: how they could impact foreign fighter pathways. [blog entry].
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2015), Threat Barometer. Ten Years of Terrorist Threat Assessment Netherlands. The Hague: National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism.
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2015), Lone-Actor Terrorism: Definitional Workshop, Countering Lone-Actor Terrorism Series (2): .
- Bakker E. (2015), Terrorism and Counterterrorism Studies. Comparing Theory and Practice: Leiden University Press.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E. (2015), Tien jaar Dreigingsbeeld Terrorisme Nederland: verandering en continuïteit, Internationale Spectator 69(10): .
- Reed A., Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E. (2015), Pathways of Foreign Fighters: Policy Options and Their (Un)Intended Consequences, International Centre for Counter-Terrorism Policy Brief 2015(April): 1-19.
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2015), Barometer van de dreiging: Tien jaar Dreigingsbeeld Terrorisme Nederland 2005 - 2015. Den Haag: Nationaal Coordinator Terrorismebestrijding en Veiligheid.
- Bakker E. & Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de (2015), Jihadist Foreign Fighter Phenomenon in Western Europe: A Low-Probability, High-Impact Threat, ICCT Research Papers 2015(October): 1-22.
- Roy van Zuijdewijn J. de & Bakker E. (7 September 2015), Large “Jihad court case” started in The Netherlands. Leiden Safety and Security Blog. [blog entry].
- Schuurman B.W., Eijkman Q.A.M. & Bakker E. (2014), A History of the Hofstadgroup, 8(4): 65-81.
- Weggemans D., Bakker E. & Grol P. (2014), Who are they and Why do they go? The Radicalization and Preparatory Processes of Dutch Jihadist Foreign Fighters, 8(4): 100-111.
- Lenze S. & Bakker E. (2014), President Obama’s ‘Dirty Hands’, Security and Human Rights 25(1): 46-68.
- Bakker E., Roy Van Zuijdewijn J. de & Berge W. van den (27 January 2014), Media report on a former Dutch soldier training jihadists within Syria. Leiden Safety and Security Blog. [blog entry].
- Bakker E. & Graaf B.A. (2014), Towards a Theory of Fear Management in the Counter-Terrorism Domain (ICCT). [white paper].
- Bakker E., Paulussen C. & Entenmann E. (2014), Returning Jihadist Foreign Fighters. Challenges Pertaining to Threat Assessment and Governance of this Pan-European Problem, Security and Human Rights 25(1): 11-32.
- Grol P., Weggemans D. & Bakker E. (2014), De leefwereld en denkbeelden van Nederlandse & Belgische Syriëgangers: een analyse van elf Facebook-accounts, Internationale Spectator (68) 12: 14-19.
- Bakker E., Porth J., Medik V. & Thoma B. (2014), A Common Policy Agenda? Defining the Future of (Counter-)terrorism, The Hague Governance Quarterly 2(2): .
- Bakker E. (2014) Book Review: The Muslims are coming! Islamophobia, extremism, and the domestic war on terror, written by Arun Kundnani. Review of: Arun Kundnani, The Muslims are coming! Islamophobia, extremism, and the domestic war on terror: Verso. Security and Human Rights 25(1): 153-155.
- Veldhuis Tinka M. & Bakker Edwin (2013), A FEAR MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO COUNTER-TERRORISM, COUNTERING EXTREMISM: BUILDING SOCIAL RESILIENCE THROUGH COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 1: 91-105.
- Bakker E., Rood J. & Dinnissen R. (2013), Hoofdstuk 4: Niet statelijke actoren en individuen Hoofdstuk 11: Polarisatie en radicalisering. In: Rood J. & Dinnissen R. (Eds.), Een Wereld in onzekerheid.
- Bakker E. (2013), Evolving threat of violent extremism: the European perspective - the phenomenon of foreign jihadi fighters. Countering Violent Extremism: the state of play 2 September 2013 - 3 September 2013.
- Bakker E. (2013), A bad day for Boston. [other].
- Bakker E. (2013) Comprehensive Counterterrorism Strategies:. Review of: Tore Bjorgo (2013), Strategies for preventing terrorism. Palgrave Pivot. Security and Human Rights 24(2): 215-217.
- Bakker E. (2013), Nederlandse strijders in Syrie: een gevaar?, Internationale Spectator (vol. 67, nr 6) juni 2013: 2-7.
- Bakker E. & Olmer B. (15 April 2013), Angst om lot jihadtieners. De Telegraaf.
- Bakker E. (2013), Terugkeerende Syrie-gangers, Magazine Nationale Veiligheid en Crisisbeheersing (Vol. 11, nr. 4): 4.
- Bakker E. (17 January 2013), Doodvonnis Nederlander Mali lijkt getekend. RTL Nieuws.
- Bakker E., Paulussen C. & Entenmann E. (2013), Dealing with European foreign fighters in Syria: Goverance challenges and legal implications (International Centre for Counter-Terrorism).
- Meijer R. & Bakker E. (2012), The muslim brotherhood in Europe. New York: Columbia Univeristy Press.
- Bakker E. & Veldhuis T. (2012), A Fear Management Approach to Counter-Terrorism.
- Bakker E. (2011), Dealing with transnational terrorism, the concept and practice of Joint Investigation Teams, Security and Human Rights 22(1): 19-28.
- Bakker E. (2011), Transnational risks: The case of Jihadi Terrorism and the Al-Qaeda Network. In: Kahl M. (Ed.), The transnationalisation of risks of violence. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. 71-85.
- Bakker E. (2011), Jihadi Terrorism in the Netherlands: Growth, growing resilience and international links. In: Molier G., Ellian A. & Suurland D. (Eds.), Terrorism: Ideology, law and policy. Dordrecht: Republic of Letters Publishing. 397-420.
- Bakker E. (2011), Characteristics of Jihadi terrorists in Europe (2001-2009). In: Coolsaet R. (Ed.), Jihadi terrorism and the radicalisation challenge: European and American experiences. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 131-145.
- Graaf B.A. de & Bakker E. (3 August 2011), Wat moet je met een eenzame terrorist?. De Groene Amsterdammer: 10-13.
- Graaf B.A. de & Bakker E. (27 July 2011), De eenzame wolf wordt door vrienden gepakt. NRC Handelsblad.
- Bakker E. & Lijn J. v.d. (2011), Het einde van religieus terrorisme? en wat daarna?, Internationale Spectator 65(7/8): 389-392.
- Bakker E. (2011), Terrorisme en contraterrorisme in de schaduw van 9/11: Tien jaar angst voor terrorisme, Internationale Spectator 65(7/8): 375-379.
- Bakker E. & Graaf B.A. de (2011), Preventing Lone Wolf Terrorism: Some CT Approaches Addressed, 5(5-6): 43-50.
- Bakker E. & Graaf B.A. de (2010), Lone Wolves: How to Prevent This Phenomenon?. ICCT - Expert Meeting Paper. The Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism.
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