Rizal Shidiq
University Lecturer, Economies in South and Southeast Asia
- Name
- Dr. A.R. Shidiq
- Telephone
- 071 5278057
- a.r.shidiq@hum.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0001-6744-0076

Rizal Shidiq is a University Lecturer at the Leiden University Institute for Area Studies. He is an economist by training with primary fields in development economics and monetary theory, and secondary field public choice. His current research topics are on political connections in developing countries, religious intolerance, and democratic vulnerabilities. He has extensive knowledge on Indonesian economy and politics.
Fields of interest
I am an economist by training with primary fields in development economics and monetary theory, and secondary field public choice. I have extensive research experience especially in development microeconomics, political economy, and trade. I have conducted field researches and large-survey analysis in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Nepal, and Europe and Central Asia (ECA) with substantial experience in working with government and international agencies. My current research topics are on political connections in developing countries, religious tolerance, and democratic vulnerabilities.
Education
- PhD in Economics, George Mason University (2016)
- MSc in Development Economics, SOAS, University of London (2002)
- Sarjana Ekonomi (BA in Economics), University of Indonesia (1999)
Employment
- University Lecturer/Assistant Professor, Leiden University (2015 – present)
- Research Fellow, Harvard Kennedy School (2011-2013)
- Graduate Lecturer, George Mason University (2010)
- Short-term Consultants, The World Bank (2008-2014)
- Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Indonesia (2002 – 2007)
- Research Associate, The Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia, LPEM-FEUI (1999 – 2007)
Key publications
- Comparing Religious Tolerance by Affiliation to Muslim Organization in Indonesia, (with Arief Yusuf, Hariyadi, and Dharra Mahardhika), Pacific Affairs. 2023, Vol 96, No.1, 5-34
- On Socio-Economic Predictors of Religious Intolerance: Evidence from a Large-Scale Longitudinal Survey in the Largest Muslim Democracy (with Arief Yusuf and Hariyadi), Religions, 2020, 11(1), 21
- Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus (with Alan Tarlovsky Fuchs and Sailesh Tiwari), The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, No. 8432. May 2018
- Moving Up the Ladder: Mobility and Middle Class in Nepal (with Sailesh Tiwari and Carlos Carlos Felipe Balc azar), The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, No. 7824. September 2016
- Trends and Drivers of Poverty Reduction in Nepal: A Historical Perspective, (with Hiroki Uematsu and Sailesh Tiwari), The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, No. 7830. September 2016
- What Happened in the Early Years of Democracy: Indonesia’s Experience (with Philips J. Vermonte), Middle East Development Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2013. (Also, a chapter in Diwan, Ishac (ed.), Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings, World Scientific Publishing, 2014)
Teaching
- Economies of South and Southeast Asia
- Political Economy: Asia
- Economic Development and Social Changes in Southeast Asia
- Thematic Seminar: Emerging Economies
- Quantitative Approach for Area Studies
- Principles of Economics
- Macroeconomics for undergraduates
University Lecturer, Economies in South and Southeast Asia
- Faculty of Humanities
- Leiden Institute for Area Studies
- SAS Indonesie
- Shidiq A.R. 6 January 2025, Haalt Indonesië jaarlijks 8 procent economische groei? (Will Indonesia achieve 8 percent annual economic growth?). Indonesië Podcast S01 / E41. Indonesië Nieuws [podcast].
- Shidiq A.R. (26 October 2024), Institusi, Kemakmuran, dan Demokrasi (Institution, Prosperity, and Democracy). Kompas (Jakarta), Opinion.
- Shidiq A.R. (2024), Bang Faisal, Terima Kasih (Bang Faisal, Thank You). In: Ikhsan M., Verico K. & Rezki J.F. (Eds.), Mengingat Faisal Basri (Remembering Faisal Basri): Kumpulan Kenangan Sahabat, Kolega, dan Murid (Recollections from Friends, Colleagues, and Students). Jakarta: Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi dan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (LPEM-FEBUI). 95-98.
- Shidiq A.R., Hariyadi H., Yusuf A.A. & Mahardhika D.W. (2023), Comparing religious intolerance in Indonesia by affiliations to Muslim organizations, Pacific Affairs 96(1): 5-34.
- Shidiq A.R. (2021), Negara Berpendapatan Menengah Atas, Mengapa Baru Sekarang? (Upper-middle in- come country, why just now?). In: Martawardaya B. (Ed.), Transformasi Ekonomi Indonesia Menuju Negara Maju dan Berdaya Saing (Indonesia’s economic transformation into an advanced and competitive economy). Jakarta: Indef.
- 2021 Nobel in Economics and Credibility Revolution (5 November 2021), Nobel Ekonomi 2021 dan Revolusi Kredibilitas (2021 Nobel in Economics and Credibility Revolution) [Nobel Ekonomi 2021 dan Revolusi Kredibilitas] (translation: Shidiq A.R.), Opinion.
- Shidiq A.R. (2020), How ready are we to fight COVID-19? no. D-017. Jakarta: CSIS Commentaries (Centre for Strategic and International Studies). [discussion paper].
- Shidiq A.R. (2020), Our health system capacity vs the demand from a large-scale social distancing policy no. DMRU-041-EN. Jakarta: CSIS Commentaries (Centre for Strategic and International Studies). [discussion paper].
- Shidiq A.R., Yusuf A.A. & Hariyadi H. (2020), On socio-economic predictors of religious intolerance: evidence from a large-scale longitudinal survey in the largest Muslim democracy, Religions 11(1): 21.
- Anonymous (20 August 2020), Problem Substitusi Impor (Import Substitution Problem) [Problem Substitusi Impor] (translation: Shidiq AR.), Opinion.
- Why BI Independence Matters? (3 October 2020), Mwengapa Independensi BI Penting? (Why BI (Indonesian Central Bank) independence matters?) [Mengapa Independensi BI Penting?] (translation: Shidiq A.R. ), Opinion.
- Shidiq A.R., Fuchs A. & Tiwari S. (2018), Inequality of opportunity in South Caucasus no. 8432. Washington, D.C.: Policy Research Working Papers Series (The World Bank). [working paper].
- Shidiq A.R. (2018), Review of: Booth A. (2016), Economic change in modern Indonesia: colonial and post-colonial comparisons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 174(2-3): 295-297.
- Uematsu H., Shidiq A.R. & Tiwari S (2016), Trends and drivers of poverty reduction in Nepal: a historical perspective no. 7930. Washington D.C.: Policy Research Working Paper Series (The World Bank). [working paper].
- Shidiq A.R., Tiwari S. & Balcázar C.F. (2016), Mobility and pathways to the middle class in Nepal no. 7824. Washington, D.C.: Policy Research Working Papers Series (The World Bank). [working paper].
- Shidiq A.R. & Vermonte P.J. (2014), What Happened in the Early Years of Democracy: Indonesia’s Experience. In: Diwan Ishac (Ed.), Understanding The Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings,: World Scientific Publishing.
- Shidiq A.R. & Vermonte P.J. (2013), What Happened in the Early Years of Democracy: Indonesia’s Experience, Middle East Development Journal 5(2): 1-21.
- Shidiq A.R. (2007), Does Asymmetric Information Model Help in Explaining Sharecropping in Agrarian Economy? A Literature Survey, Economics and Finance in Indonesia 55(1): 33-45.
- Shidiq A.R. (2003), Decentralization and Rent Seeking in Indonesia, Economics and Finance in Indonesia 51(2): 177-207.
- Shidiq A.R., Ikhsan M. & Adrison V. (2000), Quarterly Indonesian Economy Analysis, Economics and Finance in Indonesia 48(1): .
- Shidiq A.R., Ikhsan M., Indrawati S.M. & Damayanti A. (1999), Quarterly Indonesian Economy Analysis, Economics and Finance in Indonesia 47(2): .
- Shidiq A.R. & Ikhsan M. (1999), Quarterly Indonesian Economy Analysis, Economics and Finance in Indonesia 47(4): .