Nancy Kula
Professor African Linguistics
- Name
- Prof.dr. N.C. Kula
- Telephone
- +31 71 527 2125
- n.c.kula@hum.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0002-8323-2573

Nancy C. Kula is Professor and Chair of African Linguistics. Her research interests focus on a range of topics in African and General Linguistics with a focus on Bantu Languages investigating phonology, morphology, tone and their interfaces. She also works on Language Policy in Africa, specifically on the ways in which multilingualism can be harnessed in classroom instruction.
Fields of interest
African Languages
Bantu Langauges
Phonology
Tone
Morphology
Languauge Policy
Multilingualism
Phonology-synatx interface
Research
I am interested in the way that African Languages and in particular Bantu languages help us understand the diversity and variation in language at a broader level but also at a macro level. I am interested in tonal systems and how they vary and how this prosody interacts with morphology and morphosyntax. Multilingualism in Africa is another area I find intriguing in how it helps us better understand how the linguistic repertoires of multilingual speakers are manipulated for daily communication and how these practices can be drawn on as a resource to navigate global issues such as equitable education and conflict resolution.
Grants and awards
2023 - 2028: Multilingualism, Conflict and Conflict Resolution in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities of
Practiced Linguistic Diversity (Co-I). Funder: ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council)
2023 - 2024: Supporting Multilingualism in Practice: Resource co-creation in primary classrooms in
Tanzania (PI). Funder: British Academy
2021 - 2023: Dialectology in Bantu Languages: Variation in Bemba across phonology and morphosyntax (PI). Funder: British Academy
2019 - 2022: Bringing the outside in: Merging local language and literacy practices to enhance classroom learning and achievement (PI). Funder: British Academy
2012- 2013: A preliminary documentation of Siluyana: Comparing Mbowe and Mwenyi (PI). Funder: Hans Rausing Endangered Language Documentation Programme.
2011- 2012: Tonal change in the evolution of a tense system. Funder: British Academy
2004 -2006 The Phonology-syntax interface in Bantu languages. Funder: VENI project, NWO
Curriculum Vitae
I did my PhD in Leiden in 2002 on the phonology of verbal derivation of a bantu language (Bemba) spoken in Zambia. I held a Veni post-doctoral position at LUCL and SOAS from 2004 to 2006. I joined the University of Essex on a permanent position in 2007 and became Professor in 2016. I rejoined Leiden in February 2024 as Professor and Chair of African Linguistics. You can see more information in my CV.
Professor African Linguistics
- Faculty of Humanities
- Leiden Univ Centre for Linguistics
- LUCL T&C van Afrika
- Reilly C., Costley T., Gibson H. & Kula N.C. (2024), The multilingual university: language ideology, hidden policies and language practices in Malawian universities, Language, Culture and Curriculum 37(2): 213-229.
- Reilly C., Gibson H., Kula N.C., Costley T., Mapunda G. & Mwansa J. (2024), Bringing the outside in: attitudes towards multilingual competence in Zambia and Tanzania. In: Mohr S. & Ferrara L. (Eds.), Learning languages, being social: informal language learning and socialization in additional languages: De Gruyter Mouton. 199-229.
- Kula N.C.,Costley T., Gibson H. & Reilly C. (2024), Enbracing multilingualism in the classroom, FuturumCareers : .
- Mapunda G., Costley T., Gibson H., Kula N.C. & Reilly C. (2024), Rethinking language: the need for language supportive pedagogies in teacher training in tanzania, Nordic Journal of African Studies 33(3): 184-202.
- Kula N.C. & Louriz N. (2024), Acquisition in a multilingual context: English mid and low vowel contrasts by native speakers of Tashlhit. In: Korangy A.. & Bensoukas K. (Eds.), The Handbook of Berber Linguistics. Springer Handbooks in Languages and Linguistics. Singapore: Springer. 55-85.
- Kula N.C. (2024), Comparing CJ-DJ discrepancies in Matengo and Bemba, Journal of Swahili and African Studies 35: 51-60.
- Reilly C., Costley T., Gibson H., Kula N.C., Bagwasi M.M., Dikosha D., Mmolao P., Mwansa J.M., Mwandia M., Mapunda G. & James E. (2023), Emerging principles for researching multilingually in linguistic ethnography: reflections from Botswana, Tanzania, the UK and Zambia [Ukulondolola imisango yakufwailisha ukupitila mu ndimi ishapusanapusana: Amatontonkanyo ukufuma ku Botswana, ku Tanzania, ku UK na ku Zambia] (translation: Reilly C., Costley T., Gibson H., Kula N.C., Bagwasi M.M., Dikosha D., Mmolao P., Mwansa J.M., Mwandia M., Mapunda G. & James E.), Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44(8): 689-701.
- Bickmore L.S. & Kula N.C. (2023), Generational tone change in Northern Bemba, Africana Linguistica 29: 3-27.
- Kula N.C. (2023), Why should voiceless aspirates cause depression in Nguni?, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 67: 43-47.
- Kula N.C. (2023), Domino effects and licensing chains in government licensing: sequential NC clusters in Bantu. In: Breit F., Yoshida Y. & Youngberg C. (Eds.), Elements, Government, and Licensing: Developments in phonology: UCL Press. 197-208.
- Reilly C Costley T Gibson H Kula N Bagwasi M Dikosha D Mmolao P Mwansa J Mwandia M Mapunda G James E (2023), Emerging principles for researching multilingually in linguistic ethnography: reflections from Botswana, Tanzania, the UK and Zambia, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44(8): 689-701.
- Bickmore Lee S. Kula Nancy C. (2023), Generational tone change in Northern Bemba, Africana Linguistica 29: 3-27.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2023), Morphosyntactic variation in Bantu: The case of Setswana, Studies in African Linguistics 52: 53-69.
- Kula C Nancy Gibson Hannah Marten Lutz Taji Julius (2023), Suffix Order restrictions in Bantu.
- Kula Nancy C. (2023), Why should voiceless aspirates cause depression in Nguni?, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 67(1): 43-47.
- Bickmore L.S. & Kula N.C. (2023), Generational tone change in Northern Bemba, Africana Linguistica 29: 3-27.
- Costley T., Kula N.C. & Marten L. (2022), Translanguaging spaces and multilingual public writing in Zambia: tracing change in the linguistic landscape of Ndola on the Copperbelt, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44(9): 773-793.
- Kula Nancy C. Mwansa Joseph (2022), Learning literacy in a familiar language: comparing reading and comprehension competence in Bemba in two contrasting settings in Northern Zambia, Journal of the British Academy 10: 97-124.
- Costley Tracey Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2022), Translanguaging spaces and multilingual public writing in Zambia: tracing change in the linguistic landscape of Ndola on the Copperbelt, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44(9): 773-793.
- Reilly C Bagwasi M Costley T Gibson H Kula N.C. Mapunda G Mwansa J (2022), ‘Languages don’t have bones, so you can just break them’: rethinking multilingualism in education policy and practice in Africa, Journal of the British Academy 10(S4): 1-20.
- Kula Nancy C. Nasukawa Kenya (2022), A PfP approach to vowel height harmony and ATR harmony, JSPS : .
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2021), Expressing politeness and respect in Bantu Languages: A short comparative survey.
- Hamann Silke Kula Nanacy C. (2021), Phonetic and phonological considerations on the moraic status of pre-NC vowels in Bemba, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 62: 57-74.
- Kula Nancy C. Nasuawa Kuniya (2021), Reanalysing "Epenthetic" Consonants in Nasal-Consonant Sequences: A Lexical Specification Approach.
- Marten Lutz Kula Nancy C. (2021), Expressing politeness and respect in Bantu Languages: A short comparative survey. In: , African Languages: Linguistic, Literacy and Social issues.: A Festschrift in honour of Prof. Herman Batibo.: CASAS. 67-84.
- Kula Nancy C. (2020), Developing an Areal View of Intonation in Eastern Bantu, : .
- Liu Xiaoxi Kula Nancy C. (2020), Multi-layered recursive representations for depressors 143-180.
- Kula Nancy C. Syed Nasir (2020), Non-myopic nasal spreading in Saraiki, Radical: A Journal of Phonology : 126-172.
- Reilly C. Bagwasi M. Costley T. Gibson H. Kula N.C. Mapunda G. & J. Mwansa (2020), Bringing the outside in: Merging local language literacy practices to enhance classroom learning and achievement, Babel: The Language Magazine : .
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2019), Vowel copying in Dciriku and Mwenyi: On the interaction between Phonology and Semantics. In: , Theoretical and Applied aspects of African Languages and Cultures.: Festschrift in Honour of Professor Mildred Nkolola-Wakumelo.: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society (CASAS). 75-99.
- Liu Xiaoxi Kula Nancy C. (2018), A comparative study of depression in Bantu, Khoisan and Chinese Wu - laryngeal settings and feature specifications, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 54: 17-43.
- Liu Xiaoxi & Kula C. Nancy (2018), A comparative study of depression in Bantu, Khoisan and Chinese Wu – laryngeal settings and feature specifications, 54: 17-43.
- Kula Nancy C. (2017), Reduction in remoteness distinctions and reconfiguration in the Bemba past tense, Transactions of the Philological Society 115(1): 27-57.
- Scheer Tobias Kula Nancy C. (2017), Government phonology: Element theory, conceptual issues and introduction 226-261.
- Kula Nancy C. (2017), Reduction in remoteness distinctions and reconfiguration in the Bemba past tense, Transactions of the Philological Society 115(1): 27-57.
- Kula Nancy C. (2017), The Conjoint/Disjoint Alternation and Phonological Phrasing in Bemba.
- Kula Nancy C. (2017), Uniqueness in Element Signatures.
- Kula Nancy C. Hamann Silke (2016), Intonation in Bemba. In: , Intonation in African Tone Languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 321-363.
- Kula Nancy C. Braun Bettina (2015), Mental representation of tonal spreading in Bemba: Evidence from elicited production and perception, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 33(3): 307-323.
- Kula Nancy C. Bickmore Lee S. (2015), Phrasal phonology in Copperbelt Bemba, Phonology 32(1): 147-176.
- Kula Nancy C. (2015), A preliminary investigation of Siluyana: Comparing Mbowe and Mwenyi. [dataset].
- Kula Nanacy C. Kadenge Maxwell (Ed.) (2015), INTRODUCTION: Phonetics and Phonology in Bantu. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies.
- Kula Nancy C. & Braun Bettina (2015), Mental representation of tonal spreading in Bemba: Evidence from elicited production and perception, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 33(3): 307-323.
- Kula Nanacy C. & Bickmore Lee S. (2015), Phrasal phonology in Copperbelt Bemba, Phonology 32(1): 147-176.
- Hamann Silke. Kula Nancy C. (2015), Bemba, Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45: 61-69.
- Marten Lutz Kula Nancy C. (2014), Benefactive and substitutive applicatives in Bemba, Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 35(1): 1-44.
- Marten Lutz & Kula Nancy C. (2014), Benefactive and substitutive applicatives in Bemba, Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 35(1): 1-44.
- Kula Nancy C. (2013), Nominal compounding and associative phrases in Bemba.
- Kula Nancy C. (2013), On retaining vowel colour in derived roots: Blocked Imbrication in Bemba.
- Bickmore Lee S. Kula Nancy C. (2013), Ternary spreading and the OCP in Copperbelt Bemba, Studies in African Linguistics 42(2): 101-132.
- Kula Nancy C. Bert Botma Kuniya Nasukawa (Ed.) (2013), Bloomsbury Companion to Phonology. London: Bloombury.
- Kula Nancy C. (2012) An introduction to Element Theory. Review of: Backley Phillip, Element Theory. Phonology 29(2): 337-341.
- Marten Lutz & Kula Nancy C. (2012), Object marking and morphosyntactic variation in Bantu, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 30(2): 237-253.
- Marten Lutz Kula Nancy C. (2012), Object marking and morphosyntactic variation in Bantu, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 30(2): 237-253.
- Kula Nancy C. (2012), On the representation of tone in Element Theory. In: , Sound Structure and Sense. Lublin: Wynadictwo. 353-367.
- Kula Nancy C. (2012), The Bemba Case File: Afranaph Project. [dataset].
- Delfitto Denis Fiorin Gaetano Kula Nancy C. (2011), Syntactic gradients in compounding: Bemba associative nominals vs. Italian prepositional and deverbal compounds, Italian Journal of Linguistics / Rivista di Linguistica 23(2): 301-325.
- Basciano Bianca Kula Nancy C. Melloni Chiara (2011), Modes of compounding in Bantu, Romance and Chinese, Italian Journal of Linguistics 23(2): 203-249.
- Kula Nancy C. (2011), Revisiting final devoicing in the L2 acquisition of final voicing contrasts. In: Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk, Magdalena Wrembel & Malgorzata Kul (Eds.), Achievements and Perspectives in SLA of Speech: New Sounds 2010. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 149-158.
- Kula Nancy C. (2011), Revisiting Final-Devoicing in the L2 Acquisition of Final Voicing Contrasts.
- Delfitto D Fiorin G Kula NancyC. (2011), Syntactic gradients in compounding: Bemba associative nominals vs. Italian prepositional and deverbal compounds, Italian Journal of Linguistics 23(2): 301-325.
- Marten Lutz Kula Nancy C. (2011), The Prosody of Bemba Relative Clauses: A Case Study of the Syntax-Phonology Interface in Dynamic Syntax.
- Botma Bert Nancy C. Kula Kuniya Nasukawa (2011), Features. In: , Continuum Companion to Phonology.. London: Continuum. 33-63.
- Kula Nancy C. Bert Botma Kuniya Nasukawa (Ed.) (2011), Continuum Companion to Phonology. London: Continuum.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2010), Argument structure and agency in Bemba passives.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2010), Argument structure and agency in Bemba passives. In: , Bantu Languages. Analyses, Description and Theory. Cologne: Rudiger Köppe Publications. 115-130.
- Kula Nancy C. (2009) Chilungu Phonology. Review of: Bickmore Lee S., Cilungu Phonology. Lingua 119(3): 502-506.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2009), Defining initial strength in clusterless languages in Strict CV 251-284.
- Kula Nancy C. (2009), Opacity in Bantu: In support of the internal organisation of features.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2009), Defining initial strength in clusterless languages in Strict CV. In: Nasukawa Kuniya & Backlay Phillip (Eds.), Strength Relations in Phonology.. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 251-284.
- Kula Nancy C. (2008), Derived environment effects: A representational approach, Lingua 118(9): 1328-1343.
- Ewen Colin J. Kula Nancy C. van der Hulst Harry (Ed.) (2008), Jan Kooij (1940-2004). Lingua.
- Marten Lutz Kula Nancy C. (2008), Meanings of money: national identity and the semantics of currency in Zambia and Tanzania, Journal of African Cultural Studies 20(2): 183-198.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (2008), Central, East and Southern African Languages.
- Kula Nancy C. (2008), Derived environment effects: A representational approach, Lingua 118(9): 1328-1343.
- Costa Joao Kula Nancy C. (2008), Focus at the Interface: Evidence from Romance and Bantu.
- Marten Lutz & Kula Nancy C. (2008), Meanings of Money: National Identity and the Semantics of Currency in Zambia and Tanzania, Journal of African Cultural Studies 20(2): 183-198.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz. (2008), Zambia: 'One Zambia, One Nation, Many Languages’ 291-313.
- Kula Nancy C. (2007), Effects of phonological phrasing on syntactic structure, The Linguistic Review 24(2-3): 201-231.
- Marten Lutz, Kula Nancy C. & Thwala Nhlanhla (2007), Parameters of morphosyntactic variation in Bantu, Transactions of the Philological Society 105(3): 253-338.
- Kula Nancy C. Marten Lutz (Ed.) (2007), Bantu in Bloomsbury [Special Issue].
- Kula Nancy C. (2007), Effects of phonological phrasing on syntactic structure, The Linguistic Review 24(2-3): 201-231.
- Marten Lutz Kula Nancy C. Thwala Nhlanhla (2007), Parameters of morphosyntactic variation in Bantu, Transactions of the Philological Society 105(3): 253-338.
- Kula Nancy C. & Cheng Lisa (2007), Phonological and Syntactic phrasing in Bemba relatives, Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 28: 123-148.
- Kula Nancy C. (2006), Lesotho language situation. [other].
- Kula Nancy C. Letsholo Rose (Ed.) (2006), Linguistic Analysis: Special issue on African linguistics.
- Kula Nancy C. (2006), No initial empty cv in clusterless languages, Linguistics in the Netherlands 23(1): 137-149.
- Kula Nancy C. (2006), On derived environments in GP. [other].
- Kula Nancy C. (2006), Zambia language situation. [other].
- Kula Nancy C. (2006), Licensing saturation: co-occurrence restrictions in structure, Linguistic Analysis 32(3-4): 366-406.
- Kula Nancy C. & Letsholo Rose (Eds.) (2006), Linguistic Analysis: Special issue on African linguistics: African Linguistics in the new millennium.
- Cheng Lisa & Kula Nancy C. (2006), Syntactic and phonological phrasing in Bemba relatives. Berlin: ZAS Papers in Linguistics (ZAS). [other].
- Kula Nancy C. (2005), On Licensing Constraints for consonants. Leiden: Special issue of the Leiden Papers in Linguistics. [other].
- Kula Nancy C. (2004), Domain variability in inflected reduplication, Malawian Journal of Linguistics 4: 45-63.
- Kula Nancy C. (2003), On the autonomy of the root in Bemba. In: Kézié K. Lébikaza (Ed.), Actes du 3e Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Africaine Lomé 2000. 21-35.
- Kula Nancy C. (2002), The Phonology of Verbal Derivation in Bemba. PhD dissertation, Universiteit Leiden. Utrecht: Holland Academic Graphics.
- Kula Nancy C. (2001), Imbrication in Bemba. In: , Surface Syllable Structure and Segment Sequencing: HIL Occasional Papers 4. Leiden 102-116.
- Kula Nancy C. (2000), The phonology-morphology interface: Consonant mutations in Bemba, Linguistics in the Netherlands 17(1): 171-183.
- Kula Nancy C. (2000), The phonology/morphology interface: consonant mutations in Bemba, Linguistics in The Netherlands : 171-184.
- Kula Nancy C. & Marten Lutz (2000), Constraints and Processes: evidence from Bemba, Herero and Swahili. London: SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics 10 (SOAS). [other].
- Kula Nancy C. (1999), On the representation of NC clusters in Bemba, Linguistics in The Netherlands : 135-148.
- Kula Nancy C. & Marten Lutz (1998), Aspects of nasality in Bemba. London: SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics 8 (SOAS). [other].