Publication
Explaining the gender gap in COVID-19 vaccination attitudes
Women have been significantly more likely than men to express hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination and, to a lesser extent, to refuse vaccination altogether. In this article, Dimiter Toshkov aims to explain this gender gap in COVID-19 vaccination attitudes.
- Author
- Dimiter Toshkov
- Date
- 13 May 2023
- Links
- Read the full article here
The gender gap in COVID-19 vaccination attitudes is puzzling because women have been more likely to perceive higher risks from COVID-19, to approve more restrictive measures to fight the pandemic and to be more compliant with such measures. The article studies this gender gap using two nationally representative surveys of public opinion fielded in February 2021 and May 2021 in 27 European countries. The data are analysed using generalized additive models and multivariate logistic regression.
The analysis show that hypotheses about (i) pregnancy, fertility and breastfeeding concerns, (ii) higher trust in Internet and social networks as sources of medical information, (iii) lower trust in health authorities and (iv) lower perceived risks of getting infected with COVID-19 cannot account for the gender gap in vaccine hesitancy. One explanation that receives support from the data is that women are more likely to believe that COVID-19 vaccines are unsafe and ineffective and this leads them to perceive the net benefits of vaccination as lower than the associated risks.
The article concludes that the gender gap in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy results to a large extent from women perceiving higher risks than benefits of the vaccines. While accounting for this and other factors decreases the gap in vaccine hesitancy, it does not eliminate it completely, which suggests further research is needed.